Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Impact of prenatal Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on pubertal development in female offspring rats: A focus on ERα-Mediated IGF-1/NKB crosstalk in the hypothalamus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08253-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of exposure to DEHP during pregnancy on mRNA expression levels of ERα ( A ), IGF-1 ( B ), IGF-1R ( C ), NKB ( D ), NK3R ( E ), Kiss-1 ( F ), GPR54 ( G ) and GnRH(H) in the hypothalamus of female offspring rats. The mRNA levels were expressed as the mean value ± standard error. a Significant difference Compared with control ( P < 0.05); b significant difference compared with 0.2 mg/kg/day group ( P < 0.05); c significant difference compared with 1 mg/kg/day group ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Daily injections were administered, consisting of 5 μL of 10 mmol/L ERα inhibitor (Tamoxifen Citrate), 16 mmol/L IGF-1R inhibitor (BMS-754807), and 0.36 mmol/mL NK3R inhibitor (Pavinetant) (MCE, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Impact of prenatal Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on pubertal development in female offspring rats: A focus on ERα-Mediated IGF-1/NKB crosstalk in the hypothalamus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08253-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression of ERα ( B ), IGF-1 ( C ), IGF-1R( E ), NKB( D ), NK3R(F), and GnRH( G ) in the hypothalamus of female offspring rats. ( A ) Protein bands and ( B - G ) protein levels were expressed as the mean value ± standard error. a Significant difference Compared with control ( P < 0.05); b significant difference compared with 0.2 mg/kg/day group ( P < 0.05); c significant difference compared with 1 mg/kg/day group ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Daily injections were administered, consisting of 5 μL of 10 mmol/L ERα inhibitor (Tamoxifen Citrate), 16 mmol/L IGF-1R inhibitor (BMS-754807), and 0.36 mmol/mL NK3R inhibitor (Pavinetant) (MCE, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Impact of prenatal Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on pubertal development in female offspring rats: A focus on ERα-Mediated IGF-1/NKB crosstalk in the hypothalamus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08253-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the interaction between neutral developmental factors in the hypothalamus ( A : Control group, B : 5 mg/kg/day DEHP group). Correlation heatmap. Correlation analysis using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Red and blue indicate positive (0 < ρ < 1) and negative (− 1 < ρ < 0) correlations, respectively. * Significant difference compared with control ( P < 0.05). Expression levels of hypothalamic related proteins in offspring female rats treated with ERα, IGF-1, and NKB inhibitors. ( C ) Representative protein bands; ( D ) ERα, ( E ) IGF-1R, ( F ) NK3R, and ( G ) GnRH protein levels were expressed as the mean value ± standard error, n = 12. a Significant difference compared with control ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Daily injections were administered, consisting of 5 μL of 10 mmol/L ERα inhibitor (Tamoxifen Citrate), 16 mmol/L IGF-1R inhibitor (BMS-754807), and 0.36 mmol/mL NK3R inhibitor (Pavinetant) (MCE, USA).

Techniques: Control, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: RVG-targeted extracellular vesicles loaded with echinatin attenuate dopaminergic neurodegeneration via the IGF-2/PI3K/Akt pathway in Parkinson’s disease mice

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03997-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: RVG-EVs@Echi attenuate oxidative stress in the in vitro PD models. ( a ) Representative blots and ( b ) quantification of the expression levels of IGF2, P-PI3K, PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, and Nrf2 in MN9D cells. ( c ) Representative blots and ( d ) quantification of Bcl-2, Bax, and the resulting Bcl-2/Bax ratio in MN9D cells. ( e , g ) Representative blots and ( f , h ) quantification showing the effects of the IGF-1R/IR inhibitor NVP-AEW541 in MN9D cells. ( i ) Representative graphs of ROS generation in control or MPP+-treated cells upon RVG-EVs@Echi treatment. Scale bars, 50 μm and 10 μm for the original and magnified images, respectively. ( k ) MitoSOX was used to stain live control or MPP+-treated cells upon treatment with RVG-EVs@Echi. Scale bars, 50 μm and 10 μm for the original and magnified images, respectively. ( j , l ) Quantification of the relative ROS and MitoSOX fluorescence intensity. n = 6 per group. ( m ) Representative flow cytometry histograms and ( n ) quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) showing intracellular ROS levels in MN9D cells. n = 3 per group. Statistical Analysis: For (a-d): Groups are Control, MPP+, and MPP + + RVG-EVs@Echi. n = 3 per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. Control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. MPP + group. For (e-h): Groups are Control, MPP + + RVG-EVs@Echi, and MPP + + RVG-EVs@Echi + NVP-AEW541. n = 3 per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. Control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. MPP + + RVG-EVs@Echi group. For (i-n): Groups are Control, RVG-EVs@Echi, MPP+, and MPP + + RVG-EVs@Echi. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. Control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. RVG-EVs@Echi group; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01 vs. MPP + group

Article Snippet: To assess the effects of RVG-EVs@Echi, MN9D cells were treated with MPP+ (600 μM) or RVG-EVs@Echi (1 μM) for 24 h. For the IGF-1R inhibition experiment, cells were pre-treated with the IGF-1R/IR inhibitor NVP-AEW541 (0.2 μM; MCE, HY-50866) [ ] for 2 h, followed by co-incubation with MPP + and RVG-EVs@Echi for 24 h.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Control, Staining, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry